COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF DENNETTIA TRIPETALA AND ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS LEAF EXTRACTS

Abstract

In recent years, natural products have attracted the attention of the scientific community and studies have shown that plants can be used to treat and control human diseases. This study determined the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of� Dennettia tripetala� leaf methanol extract and �Abelmoschus esculentus� leaf chloroform ethanol extract using standard biochemical procedures. Leaves are air-dried for 2 weeks until they were crisp. The leaves were finely ground to obtain 929.34 g of� Dennettia tripetala� and 364.77 g of A belmoschus esculentus. � Dennettia tripetala � was immersed in 6.25 L of methanol for 72 hours, with regular stirring, and� Abelmoschus esculentus� was immersed in 5 L of chloroform ethanol for 72 hours with occasional continuous stirring. The solution was filtered through muslin cloth, evaporated and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. Temperature 45�C to obtain the crude extract. Phytochemical screening (quantitative and qualitative) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and radical scavenging activity of trivalent antioxidant were analyzed. As a result of qualitative analysis, it was found that alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, reducing sugars, carbohydrates and amino acids were present in� D. tripetala� methanol leaf extract and the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, reducing sugars, carbohydrate and amino acids in A. esculentus� chloroform ethanol leaf extracts.� D. tripetala� contains more phytochemicals than� A. esculentus . Also,� D. tripetala� leaf extract contained 0.62�0.03(mg QE/gram extract) and 0.59�0.01 each (mg QE/gram extract), respectively.� A . esculentus �chloroform ethanol � leaf extract showed 1.07�0.09 (mg QE/gram extract) and 0.40�0.03(mg QE/gram extract) for flavonoids and phenol, respectively. In addition, the methanol extract of D. tripetala� and the chloroform ethanol extract of A. esculentus� were 0.62�0.03, 0.59�0.01 (mg QE/gram extract) and 0.59�0.01, 0.40�0.03(mg QE/gram extract) for flavonoids and phenols, respectively. The recovery activities of� D. tripetala� leaf extract compared with the standard and the IC 50 values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity for� D. tripetala� methanol leaf extract was 1.048�g/mL. Decreased activity of� D. tripetala� leaf extract compared to standard and IC 50 values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity against A. esculentus� chloroform ethanol leaf extract is 0.976�g/mL. The reducing activity of� D. tripetala� leaf extract compared to the reference and IC 50 values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity for� D. tripetala� and �A. esculentus� leaf extracts were 1.048�g/mL and 0.976�g/mL respectively with the ethanol standard.� D. tripetala� has high scavenging efficiency than �A. esculentus.� High performance liquid chromatography result for D. tripetala� and �A. esculentus� leaf extracts indicate the presence of kaempferol, epihedrine, catechin, anthocyanin, dihydrocytisine, aphyllidine, cyanogenic glycoside, steroids, narigenin, tannin, flavonones, flavone, proanthocyanaidin, ribalidnidine, spartein and oxalate. Sapogenin and ammodendrine were absent in D. tripetala� and sapogenin was absent in �A. esculentus.� Finally, this study revealed that� D. tripetala� methanol leaf extract � and �A. esculentus� chloroform ethanol leaf extract are rich in phytochemicals and have powerful effects.

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